Data ________ is the ability to modify a schema definition in a level without affecting the next higher level.

Data ________ is the ability to modify a schema definition in a level without affecting the next higher level.

  1. a) binding
  2. b) abstraction
  3. c) mapping
  4. d) independence

From the BCS Technical Cadre (CSE) October 2025 – 49th BCS Written (Special) (BPSC) exam, question 38 of 123.

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