Which feature is not applicable for memory-mapped I/O?

Which feature is not applicable for memory-mapped I/O?

  1. a) Device registers can be accessed with any instructions
  2. b) System memory address space is used up for ports
  3. c) New instructions are required to access the device registers
  4. d) Arithmetic and logical operations can be performed directly on data

From the Combined Bank Senior Officer October 2021 – Preliminary exam, question 12 of 108.

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