Which one below is not an AI technique?

Which one below is not an AI technique?

  1. a) Gradient descent
  2. b) Genetic algorithm
  3. c) Deep learning
  4. d) Reinforcement learning

From the BCS Technical Cadre (ICT) October 2025 – 49th BCS Written (Special) (BPSC) exam, question 43 of 106.

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